What is Frostbite?
Frostbite is when the skin and/or the tissue under the skin freezes and causes cell damage. This is caused by exposure to cold. Your feet, hands, nose, ears and face are at the highest risk of frostbite. First degree frostbite, is also called Frost nip. The numbed skin turns white in colour and the skin may feel stiff to the touch.
How to Help
- Rewarm the affected area by holding it with your hands, between your legs or under your armpits.
- Rapid warming can be harmful so rewarm the affected areas gradually.
In cases of serious frostbite the skin is damaged and tissues die as a result of the freezing.
How to Help
- CALL 111 immediately.
- Move the patient to a warm area/room.
- Warm the affected area.If possible, bathe in lukewarm (not hot) water.
- Do not rub or massage the frostbitten area.
Hypothermia is a condition where the normal body temperature of 37°C drops below 35° and is usually caused by being in a cold environment or through prolonged exposure.
Some of the Signs and Symptoms of Hypothermia may be:
- Confusion
- Drowsiness
- Slow to Respond
- Clumsy or Uncoordinated
- Slurred Speech
- Slow, shallow breathing and weak pulse
- In severe cases – unconsciousness
How to Help
- CALL 111 immediately.
- Move the patient to a warm area/room.
- Remove any wet clothing.
- Warm the body with dry clothing, blankets etc.
- If possible and only if uninjured, give them warm sweet drinks, sweets, chocolate etc.
This information is for reference only and comprehensive life saving skills can only be gained by attending a First Aid Christchurch first aid course.